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| 2024 Tables and Figures | All Years of Tables and Figures | Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest |
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| Selected characteristic and academic year | All insti- tutions | Public institutions | Private nonprofit institutions | Private for- profit insti- tutions | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 4-year institutions | 2-year | Total | 4-year institutions | 2-year | |||||||||
| Total | Doc- toral1 | Mas- ter's2 | Other | Total | Doc- toral1 | Mas- ter's2 | Other | |||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
| Percent of institutions with a tenure system | ||||||||||||||
| 1993-94 | 62.6 | 73.6 | 92.6 | 100.0 | 98.3 | 76.4 | 62.1 | 62.0 | 66.3 | 90.5 | 76.5 | 58.3 | 26.1 | 7.8 |
| 1999-2000 | 55.0 | 72.8 | 94.6 | 100.0 | 95.5 | 86.3 | 60.3 | 59.0 | 63.4 | 81.2 | 72.6 | 54.9 | 14.0 | 4.0 |
| 2003-04 | 52.7 | 71.3 | 90.9 | 100.0 | 98.0 | 70.9 | 59.4 | 57.9 | 61.2 | 86.6 | 71.6 | 49.5 | 14.4 | 3.6 |
| 2005-06 | 50.9 | 71.5 | 90.9 | 99.5 | 98.0 | 71.6 | 59.4 | 56.5 | 59.8 | 85.1 | 67.1 | 49.2 | 11.5 | 2.0 |
| 2007-08 | 49.5 | 70.7 | 91.0 | 100.0 | 98.6 | 70.1 | 57.4 | 57.5 | 60.2 | 81.3 | 64.2 | 45.4 | 13.0 | 1.4 |
2009-10 | 47.8 | 71.2 | 90.9 | 99.6 | 98.5 | 71.3 | 57.7 | 57.1 | 59.5 | 80.6 | 64.4 | 44.6 | 12.9 | 1.5 |
| 2011-12 | 45.3 | 71.6 | 90.8 | 99.6 | 98.5 | 70.5 | 57.8 | 55.6 | 58.6 | 79.5 | 64.0 | 42.7 | 8.0 | 1.3 |
| 2013-14 | 49.3 | 74.6 | 95.8 | 99.6 | 98.1 | 86.6 | 58.9 | 59.7 | 61.8 | 79.6 | 63.2 | 49.0 | 12.5 | 1.2 |
| 2015-16 | 51.9 | 74.8 | 95.2 | 99.6 | 97.6 | 85.7 | 58.9 | 57.7 | 60.6 | 79.8 | 60.8 | 47.0 | 7.5 | 1.3 |
| 2016-17 | 54.4 | 74.6 | 94.6 | 99.6 | 97.2 | 85.0 | 58.0 | 58.8 | 61.5 | 79.3 | 61.1 | 48.8 | 9.2 | 1.5 |
| 2017-18 | 55.1 | 74.7 | 94.6 | 99.6 | 96.8 | 86.2 | 57.7 | 58.3 | 60.6 | 80.2 | 59.4 | 46.9 | 7.8 | 1.6 |
| 2018-19 | 57.4 | 74.3 | 93.6 | 99.3 | 97.5 | 82.4 | 57.5 | 58.8 | 60.8 | 78.7 | 58.2 | 49.0 | 8.8 | 1.3 |
| 2019-20 | 57.4 | 73.9 | 92.8 | 99.3 | 98.3 | 78.9 | 57.4 | 58.7 | 61.0 | 77.7 | 58.8 | 49.7 | 5.1 | 1.0 |
| 2020-21 | 57.5 | 73.8 | 91.6 | 99.3 | 97.5 | 76.2 | 57.8 | 58.5 | 60.6 | 77.8 | 57.7 | 49.3 | 5.5 | 1.2 |
| 2021-22 | 57.4 | 73.7 | 91.4 | 99.3 | 97.8 | 75.6 | 57.6 | 58.6 | 60.6 | 75.5 | 58.0 | 49.9 | 5.9 | 1.0 |
| 2022-23 | 57.4 | 73.5 | 90.8 | 99.0 | 96.9 | 76.2 | 57.0 | 58.5 | 60.3 | 74.8 | 59.6 | 46.7 | 6.2 | 1.0 |
| 2023-24 | 57.6 | 73.4 | 89.9 | 99.0 | 95.9 | 75.2 | 56.7 | 58.8 | 60.6 | 75.7 | 59.6 | 46.6 | 6.4 | 1.3 |
Faculty with tenure at institutions with a tenure system | ||||||||||||||
Percent of all full-time faculty3 | ||||||||||||||
| 1993-94 | 56.2 | 58.9 | 56.3 | 54.5 | 60.5 | 51.1 | 69.9 | 49.5 | 49.5 | 47.6 | 51.8 | 50.4 | 47.9 | 33.8 |
| 1999-2000 | 53.7 | 55.9 | 53.2 | 50.4 | 59.1 | 54.7 | 67.7 | 48.2 | 48.1 | 43.4 | 52.3 | 53.5 | 59.7 | 77.4 |
| 2003-04 | 50.4 | 53.0 | 50.2 | 48.9 | 52.9 | 51.2 | 65.2 | 44.6 | 44.6 | 40.1 | 48.7 | 51.9 | 47.7 | 69.2 |
| 2005-06 | 49.6 | 51.5 | 48.7 | 47.2 | 52.3 | 49.1 | 64.1 | 45.1 | 45.1 | 40.7 | 49.1 | 52.5 | 45.2 | 69.3 |
| 2007-08 | 48.8 | 50.5 | 47.8 | 45.9 | 52.7 | 49.5 | 63.6 | 44.7 | 44.7 | 41.0 | 50.5 | 53.1 | 41.3 | 51.3 |
| 2009-10 | 48.7 | 50.6 | 47.8 | 45.7 | 53.6 | 51.3 | 64.1 | 44.3 | 44.3 | 40.4 | 50.5 | 54.1 | 38.5 | 51.0 |
| 2011-12 | 48.5 | 50.7 | 48.0 | 45.8 | 54.3 | 53.4 | 64.7 | 43.7 | 43.7 | 39.7 | 50.7 | 54.3 | 31.4 | 31.0 |
| 2013-14 | 48.3 | 50.4 | 47.3 | 44.9 | 55.4 | 52.2 | 67.2 | 43.8 | 43.8 | 39.5 | 51.7 | 55.9 | 31.5 | 19.8 |
| 2015-16 | 47.2 | 49.3 | 46.6 | 44.2 | 54.7 | 53.5 | 65.0 | 42.8 | 42.8 | 38.6 | 51.6 | 55.6 | 33.9 | 17.0 |
| 2016-17 | 46.4 | 48.2 | 45.8 | 43.3 | 53.4 | 56.9 | 63.6 | 42.4 | 42.4 | 38.3 | 51.1 | 55.4 | 32.2 | 17.2 |
| 2017-18 | 45.5 | 47.3 | 44.8 | 42.3 | 52.7 | 56.1 | 63.2 | 41.8 | 41.8 | 37.9 | 50.7 | 55.0 | 27.2 | 17.6 |
| 2018-19 | 45.1 | 46.9 | 44.5 | 42.2 | 52.8 | 54.7 | 62.8 | 41.4 | 41.4 | 37.6 | 50.0 | 55.2 | 28.9 | 12.0 |
| 2019-20 | 44.6 | 46.3 | 44.0 | 41.3 | 53.3 | 56.5 | 62.5 | 41.0 | 41.0 | 37.2 | 49.6 | 54.9 | 28.9 | 9.4 |
| 2020-21 | 44.6 | 46.4 | 43.7 | 40.8 | 54.1 | 58.7 | 65.8 | 40.9 | 40.9 | 37.0 | 51.0 | 55.4 | 27.1 | 9.8 |
| 2021-22 | 44.8 | 47.0 | 44.4 | 41.7 | 54.5 | 59.2 | 66.4 | 40.3 | 40.3 | 36.5 | 50.4 | 54.9 | 27.8 | 9.3 |
| 2022-23 | 44.1 | 46.3 | 43.8 | 41.1 | 54.3 | 58.9 | 65.8 | 39.4 | 39.4 | 35.7 | 49.8 | 54.1 | 23.8 | 9.1 |
| 2023-24 | 43.3 | 45.5 | 43.1 | 40.4 | 55.2 | 58.0 | 64.6 | 38.6 | 38.7 | 35.1 | 49.4 | 53.0 | 30.3 | 9.0 |
| Percent of full-time instructional faculty only | ||||||||||||||
2022-23 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | 46.8 | 48.7 | 46.4 | 44.0 | 54.5 | 58.9 | 65.8 | 42.6 | 42.6 | 39.6 | 49.8 | 54.1 | 23.8 | 9.1 |
| Male | 52.9 | 54.7 | 53.2 | 51.4 | 60.4 | 61.5 | 67.8 | 49.3 | 49.3 | 46.9 | 56.2 | 58.7 | 24.7 | 11.3 |
| Female | 40.0 | 42.3 | 38.7 | 35.3 | 48.6 | 56.6 | 64.3 | 35.0 | 35.1 | 31.1 | 43.5 | 49.4 | 23.3 | 7.4 |
| Professor | 87.4 | 88.7 | 88.4 | 86.4 | 98.6 | 93.8 | 91.5 | 85.0 | 85.1 | 82.2 | 92.2 | 96.6 | 36.8 | 53.6 |
| Male | 88.6 | 89.9 | 89.7 | 88.2 | 98.9 | 94.9 | 92.7 | 86.0 | 86.0 | 83.8 | 92.3 | 96.4 | 42.9 | 51.2 |
| Female | 85.5 | 86.5 | 86.0 | 83.1 | 98.1 | 92.5 | 90.6 | 83.2 | 83.3 | 78.9 | 92.1 | 96.9 | 33.3 | 57.7 |
| Associate professor | 71.3 | 74.3 | 74.2 | 70.9 | 89.6 | 85.4 | 75.2 | 65.3 | 65.3 | 59.1 | 75.5 | 89.5 | 60.3 | 28.9 |
| Male | 73.3 | 76.5 | 76.4 | 73.6 | 90.1 | 86.1 | 76.7 | 66.8 | 66.8 | 61.3 | 77.1 | 89.3 | 83.3 | 33.3 |
| Female | 69.1 | 71.8 | 71.7 | 67.7 | 89.0 | 84.7 | 74.1 | 63.6 | 63.6 | 56.7 | 73.9 | 89.8 | 51.1 | 25.6 |
| Assistant professor | 3.9 | 5.2 | 2.6 | 1.1 | 6.0 | 23.6 | 44.8 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 3.9 | 1.9 | 0 | 2.9 |
| Male | 4.0 | 5.2 | 2.6 | 1.1 | 6.1 | 24.0 | 49.3 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 4.9 | 2.0 | 0 | 2.0 |
| Female | 3.8 | 5.1 | 2.6 | 1.1 | 5.9 | 23.3 | 41.5 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 3.2 | 1.8 | 0 | 3.8 |
| Instructor | 25.4 | 31.2 | 8.0 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 40.7 | 60.0 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Lecturer | 2.0 | 2.7 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 3.7 | 5.3 | 33.5 | 0.1 | 0.1 | # | 0 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 |
| No academic rank | 33.8 | 41.5 | 31.3 | 2.2 | 3.7 | 63.2 | 66.5 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 0.9 | 17.1 | 3.8 | † | 0 |
2023-24 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | 46.0 | 48.0 | 45.7 | 43.3 | 55.4 | 58.0 | 64.6 | 41.9 | 41.9 | 39.0 | 49.4 | 53.0 | 30.3 | 9.0 |
| Male | 52.2 | 53.9 | 52.4 | 50.7 | 60.8 | 60.1 | 66.4 | 48.6 | 48.6 | 46.2 | 55.9 | 57.3 | 34.3 | 8.6 |
| Female | 39.4 | 41.7 | 38.3 | 34.9 | 49.8 | 56.2 | 63.1 | 34.5 | 34.6 | 30.8 | 43.0 | 48.9 | 27.8 | 9.3 |
| Professor | 86.9 | 88.1 | 87.8 | 85.9 | 98.3 | 93.4 | 91.6 | 84.5 | 84.5 | 81.7 | 92.6 | 95.4 | 64.7 | 38.1 |
| Male | 88.1 | 89.4 | 89.2 | 87.7 | 98.6 | 94.8 | 92.8 | 85.6 | 85.6 | 83.4 | 92.9 | 95.3 | 83.3 | 35.3 |
| Female | 84.8 | 85.9 | 85.2 | 82.5 | 98.0 | 91.9 | 90.6 | 82.5 | 82.6 | 78.4 | 92.2 | 95.5 | 54.5 | 42.4 |
| Associate professor | 70.1 | 73.3 | 73.2 | 69.8 | 90.3 | 84.7 | 75.5 | 63.8 | 63.8 | 57.4 | 76.3 | 87.8 | 59.2 | 21.5 |
| Male | 72.4 | 75.9 | 75.8 | 73.0 | 90.7 | 84.5 | 77.3 | 65.5 | 65.5 | 60.0 | 77.5 | 87.2 | 75.0 | 22.9 |
| Female | 67.6 | 70.6 | 70.2 | 66.1 | 89.8 | 84.9 | 74.2 | 61.9 | 62.0 | 54.6 | 75.0 | 88.3 | 51.1 | 20.7 |
| Assistant professor | 3.6 | 4.9 | 2.3 | 1.0 | 5.9 | 23.6 | 45.7 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 3.1 | 1.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Male | 3.8 | 5.0 | 2.4 | 1.0 | 5.9 | 23.5 | 50.0 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 4.1 | 1.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Female | 3.5 | 4.8 | 2.3 | 0.9 | 5.8 | 23.8 | 42.5 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 2.4 | 1.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Instructor | 24.1 | 29.4 | 7.5 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 38.2 | 58.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.3 | 0 | 3.2 |
| Lecturer | 2.1 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 4.2 | 5.2 | 30.9 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| No academic rank | 32.4 | 39.8 | 32.5 | 1.2 | 8.9 | 62.1 | 62.1 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 0.2 | 21.6 | 1.4 | † | 0 |
| †Not applicable. | ||||||||||||||
| #Rounds to zero. | ||||||||||||||
| 1Institutions that awarded 20 or more doctor's degrees during the previous academic year. | ||||||||||||||
| 2Institutions that awarded 20 or more master's degrees, but less than 20 doctor's degrees, during the previous academic year. | ||||||||||||||
| 3Includes instructional, research, and public service faculty. | ||||||||||||||
| NOTE: Data in this table represent the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data are for degree-granting institutions that participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs and U.S. service academies. Degree-granting institutions grant associate's or higher degrees. Data include imputations for nonrespondent institutions. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. | ||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), "Fall Staff Survey" (IPEDS-S:93-99); and IPEDS, Human Resources component, Staff section, selected years, Winter 2003-04 through Winter 2011-12 (final data), selected years, Spring 2014 through Spring 2023 (final data), and Spring 2024 (provisional data). (This table was prepared December 2024.) | ||||||||||||||